An IP packet (Datagram) consists of a header and a payload. The header size for IPv4 is variable( it’s size…
Most of the application layer protocols (like HTTP, telnet, SMTP etc.) use TCP as a transport protocol. TCP establishes a…
Traceroute is one of the most used network diagnostic tool used to display the hops(routers) through which a packet travels…
First of all, we need to understand why IP fragmentation occurs. Well, Let’s take a look at the below picture.…
HSRP(Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a Cisco Proprietary First-Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) which is used to maintain a fault tolerant default…
There are two parameters of an interface that could cause a lot of network performance related issues if not handled…